Women are given very low position in polygyny where their rights are never recognized. Monogamous marriage gives greater attention to the socialization of their children.
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It is free from conflicts that are commonly found in polyandrous and polygamous families. Monogamous marriage is stable and long lasting. It contributes to family peace, solidarity and happiness. It promotes love and affection between husband and wife. Monogamy is universally practiced providing marital opportunity and satisfaction to all the individuals. According to Westermarck monogamy is as old as humanity. It is most common form of the marriage found among in the societies around the world. Monogamy is a form of marriage in which one man marries the woman. The selected parent becomes the actual father of the children. Among the Samoans, the children after the first few years are given the liberty to choose their parents for their permanent stay. Among the Todas one of the husbands goes through what is called a bow and arrow ceremony with the woman and thereby becomes the legal father of her child. It gives rise to the problem of determining biological paternity of the child. So long as a woman lives with one of her husbands, the others have no claim over her. The wife goes to spend some time with each husband. In this type the husbands need not have any close relationship prior to the marriage. It is prevalent among the Todas in India. This practice of being mate, actual or potential to one's husband's brothers is called levirate. When several brothers share the same wife, the practice can be called fraternal polyandry.
In India among tribes of Tiyan, Toda, Kota, Khasa and Ladakhi Bota it is still prevalent. It is practiced among the Marquesan Islanders of Polynesia, The Bahama of Africa and tribes of Samoa. Polyandry is the marriage of one woman with several men. It is a type of marriage in which the wives are not related as the sisters. It is usually observed in those tribes that pay a high bride price. When several sisters are simultaneously or potentially the spouses of the same man the practice is called sororate. It is a type of marriage in which the wives are invariably the sisters. At present it may be present in primitive tribes like Crow Indians, Baigas and Gonds of India. It was a common practice in ancient civilizations. Polygyny is more popular than polyandry but not as universal as monogamy. Polygyny is a form of marriage in which one man married more than one woman at a given time. According to Malinowski, " marriage is a contract for the production and maintenance of children." According to Robert H Lowie," Marriage is a relatively permanent bond between permissible mates." Marriage is an institution of society with different purpose, functions and forms in different societies but is present everywhere as an institution. According to Gillin and Gillin, "Marriage is a socially approved way of establishing a family of procreation." Westermarck says that marriage is rooted in the family rather than the family in the marriage. It is closely connected to the institution of family. Marriage is one of the universal social institutions established and nourished by human society.
Types of Marriage Meaning and Types of Marriage
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